THE
HISTORY OF THE MOD PATTERN ROOM
by Dan Shea
The
Pattern Room has undergone a variety of forms, mostly related to what British
agency they were governed by. The Pattern Room at Enfield Lock was technically
called the DGDQA Pattern Room, for the managing group at the time; the
Directorate General of Defence Quality Assurance for
the Master General of Ordnance. The collection is also referred to by some as
the R.S.A.F. Pattern Room Collection, for the Royal Small Arms Factory at
Enfield. The Pattern Room was moved in the mid Nineteen Eighties to Nottingham.
In Nottingham and presently at Leeds, the collection is referred to as the
M.O.D. Pattern Room, for the British Ministry of Defence.
The Pattern Room itself has undergone metamorphosis many
times over the years, and the roots of the collection stretch back into the
Sixteen Hundreds. SAR has covered this history extensively in
the past (Volume 1 Number 6 by Virginia Ezell). When Britain would
call for arms, a Sealed Pattern was finalized of each weapon or accessory.
These "Patterns" were referred to by all manufacturers and craftsmen,
as the original to work from. It was in the Nineteenth century that the
collection was moved to the R.S.A.F. Enfield facility, after a fire at the
Tower of London- the previous repository of the Patterns. The Tower still has
an amazing collection of arms, and wonderful displays, but that is the subject
for another time.
In other parts of this article, there are descriptions of
the work that Herb Woodend did to build the Pattern
Room into what it was at the time of the closing of the Nottingham facility. At
the end of this article, we describe where it has gone from there- the Pattern
Room is most decidedly not gone, it is still an active, living collection.
The basic structure of the MOD Pattern Room was a two story
building, with the lower section housing firearms over one half inch, or tripod
mounted pieces. All of the wheeled Gatlings, Maxims, etc were there, as were the fifty calibers, 20mm and higher
guns. Walls with shoulder fired rocket launchers and grenade launchers sat
above the small mortar section.
At the closing of the Nottingham facility, anything over one
half inch, other than the shoulder fired units and small mortars, was sent to
the Royal Armouries facility at Fort Nelson in the
South. Fort Nelson is the cannon museum, and they have a new section designed
to showcase the Pattern Room additions. If you want to examine Polstens, Oerlikons, Vulcans, etc, then it is to the South you must travel, and,
interspersed with a wide variety of early breech loaders you will find these
gems. Fort Nelson boasts one of the world's largest mortars, as well as a cannon from the Fourteen Hundreds. A fascinating
collection on its own, the addition of the Pattern Room pieces has rounded out
the upper displays. It is hoped that many of these items will return home to
the MOD Pattern Room at Leeds in the future, but for now, they are in good
hands.
On the upper floor of the Nottingham facility, there were
three basic rooms. First, to the right, was the library, where an incredible
amount of information and documentation was cataloged and stored. Every modern
book on firearms was fair game to be collected and the library itself included
thousands of pieces from the procurement and testing of firearms over the last
few centuries. Then, the main area had one side as tables with bipod mounted
light machine guns, and on the right side, approximately three thousand rifles
in racks. Walking down the racks, one might find a rare seventeenth century
Pattern rifle, then, the original Delisle suppressed
rifles, onward to the entire FAL series, and the SA80 program in full.
Further back, the "Pistol Room" was actually
pistols and submachine guns. From the Villar Perosa onward, the Pattern Room was one of the most
complete collections ever assembled regarding modern small arms.
The MOD Pattern Room was professionally packed and shipped
in full to the facility in Leeds. The building was demolished almost
immediately thereafter, and the rubble cleared along with the memories. The
rumor is that the area will be paved and a Sainsbury's SuperStore
will be on the location, thus, they paved paradise, and put in a parking lot. -
Dan
The Pattern Room at Nottingham
Many, many people have wanted to visit the Pattern Room
but were unable to do so. For Americans, it was a long, expensive journey, and
where does one start to get an invitation, anyway? Those who made the trip and
had the connections have many fond memories, and it is a subject that will
always come up for those who had been there.
So many of our readers have expressed an interest in the
Pattern Room, that now that it is gone and security requirements have been relaxed
regarding the old site, we decided to bring you on a "Walking Tour".
Security regulations were always high there, so special permission was sought
to do this type of photography, and in the closing days, it was granted.
Herewith is our effort to memorialize the experience for all of our readers
The Walking Tour: (Photos by Dan Shea, courtesy MOD Pattern
Room)
Herbert J. Woodend,
MBE died on 29 July, 2003.
Herb, "The HERB", or Herbie,
as he was known to all his friends, had fought a 12 month battle against
cancer. For the last 30 or so years, Herb had been the Custodian of the Pattern
Room at Enfield, and latterly of the Ministry of Defence
Pattern Room at Nottingham. Herb retired in 2002 after it had been decided to
move the collection to the Royal Armouries in Leeds.
Herb had re-created the Pattern Room from a collection of small British-only
items, to weapons, ancillary equipment, manuals, and books of all countries. It
has now become renowned for being the best and most comprehensive small arms
collection in the world. It was for this utter dedication that he was awarded
the MBE and it was presented to him by the Queen in 1995. Other official
recognition came as the Freedom of the City of London; Election to the
Worshipful Company of Gunmakers in 1999. Herb was
made an Honorary member and Vice President of the Historical Breechloading Small Arms Association in 2000
,and then awarded a Medal of the Arms and Armour
Society.
Herb, to all those who knew him, was a complex person. He
was generous, sly, devious, fastidious, paranoid, cantankerous, loveable, witty
and fun to be with. He was always late, with no sense of time or urgency for
planes or ferries, much to the exasperation of those who he was with. He was a
very private person who shunned publicity but loved his daughters and family.
He was born in Northern Ireland at Kilrea,
Londonderry on 28 April, 1943. He was educated locally at Coleraine
Academy. His father Bertie and Uncle Tommy had the local garage, but it was
Tommy that started "the HERB" going. Tommy repaired guns as a side
line, so Herb was taught to repair and to shoot guns. Herb was a quick learner,
and spent his early days sketching detailed drawings of odd guns, initiating
the collecting bug. Very soon the house started to fill with guns, cartridges,
and militaria. As he grew up, his desire became to
work with guns and definitely not in the family garage. So in 1963 he came over
to London to attain his dream, with his then girlfriend Evelyn. They married in
August of 1964, but sadly divorced 20 years later.
One of Herbs first ports of call in London was to the Royal
Small Arms Factory at Enfield, and then onward to the Imperial War Museum to
try to find a job. As there were no immediate vacancies, he worked in garages
to make ends meet. He visited the R.S.A.F. regularly, to remind them that they
needed to employ him. Eventually in 1964 they offered him a job in the office--
a starter. That led to the post of Assistant to the Custodian of the Pattern
Room. Herb's regular badgering of people got results. In 1967 Herb took over
the job as Custodian of the Pattern Room. As the
Custodian/Curator Herb was outstanding. He gathered together all the
arms that were in the early collection- but had been dispersed due to wartime
conditions. He actively sourced more articles with the limited funds that were
made available to him. Weapons were gathered from all over the world, out of
other museums, private collections, from dealers, friends, and police
amnesties. Over time he transformed it into a collection that comprehensively
covered the world's production of military and civilian small arms and machine
guns spanning the last 150 years or so. The Pattern Room stock was available
for military weapon designers, police, forensic science services, researchers
and historians alike. Herb also had a vast knowledge on all the accessories
that were necessary to service the weapons, ancillary equipment, sights,
mounts, feed systems, belts, manuals and the cartridges; their loads and uses.
Herb also worked to build the library collection, amounting
to tens of thousands of documents, manuals and books. It has now received
recognition as a National Archive. There are very few new books on arms and
ammunition published over the last twenty years that have not had grateful
acknowledgements to the R.S.A.F Pattern Room and Herb Woodend.
Many would not have been written but for his accurate research and
documentation.
During the various amnesties on firearms in the UK, Herb was
reticent about advising other museums on scarcity and rarity values, in order
to ensure that the Pattern Room ended up with the "goodies", thereby
increasing the R.S.A.F. collection. He would then later take great delight in
ensuring that "the opposition" knew what they had missed out on to
the Pattern Room.
In the later years, Herb frequently traveled abroad in his
quest for new items. He had access to most places all over the world: it is
said that there was scarcely a place that had not been "pilfered" by
him for the R.S.A.F. collection. As an example of his meticulousness, while in
the U.S.A. at a machine gun shoot, he sorted through 2500 Russian Maxim
ammunition boxes, looking at the markings on the cloth belts. He was triumphant
at the end with 12 fresh examples he had not seen before. What fun!! Wherever
Herb traveled around the world there was always a house and bed for him to
stay, guns to be inspected, magazines and belts to be appraised, ammunition to
be discovered and friends revisited. Herb, with his dry Irish wit, was always a
pleasure to spend time with. He had an incredible memory and encyclopedic
knowledge on a vast range of subjects, much to the chagrin of other contestants
on pub quiz nights. Most of all, he was a true friend to a large amount of
people. Those who knew him were enriched by his company, his friendship and his
willingness to share his knowledge. He will be sorely missed by all.
Written in fond memory by Herb's friend, Martin Golland
The early days of Herb Woodend and the Rise of the Pattern Room
When Herb Woodend was born on
April 28, 1943, the Second World War was still raging
at its most furious high. Many years later, Herb would be reluctant to talk
about his exact background for reasons of British politics. He was born in
Northern Ireland in what he referred to as "the noisy part". Herb's
uncle was in the military or in the police, and Herb cut his teeth on Bren guns
and Sten guns at an early age. He would also play
with his uncle's service revolver, and on one occasion he caught some trouble
for leaving the revolver cocked & loaded in the holster, something that was
not discovered until some time later. Upon
discovering that he had walked around with the revolver in this unsafe
condition, the uncle was of course furious at young Herbert.
Besides firearms, American popular music of the 50's and
Country Music were among Herb's fancies while growing up. One anecdote involves
Herb signing up for guitar lessons from a local in the village, only to
discover at the first lesson that it was Hawaiian steel guitar he had signed up
for, and not the acoustic guitar of his hero Elvis Presley.
As happened with many youngsters, Herb and a girl from what
he later called "the other tribe" fell in love, which was not a
popular thing in the politically contested part of Northern Ireland they grew
up in. To avoid punishment, they fled to London and began looking for work. At
this point, Herb was a big small arms buff and he read everything available
about the development of military arms. He also took the occasional trip to the
Enfield rifle factory in Northern London to "hang out and see the
sites", as he said. In conversation with one of the guards, he learned one
Sunday that there were finally some job openings and that there would be
interviews for them the following Monday. Herb showed up and in the interview,
he corrected the official on some technical detail, which he believed is what
landed him the job. The detail in question was the correct caliber of the Carl Gustaf Swedish anti tank
recoilless cannon. 84mm, of course.
To work at the rifle factory was nice, but "shuffling
papers" was a job that quickly became boring for Herb. He found some
comfort in discovering the "Pattern Room", which was held at the
Enfield Rifle factory. At this time (mid 1960's) the
Pattern Room held about 3,000 guns and it was manned by two elderly gentlemen
and a secretary. The two men were not really interested in aquiring
pieces for the collection, and only added into it what was brought to them by
the official channels, ie; the British Army and the rifle
factory itself. To fill their day, they repaired lawn movers and similar
equipment for the locals.
Not long after Herb started working at Enfield, one of the
gentlemen of the Pattern Room either retired or died, and Herb was more than
happy to take over the position. Shortly thereafter, the other gentleman left
Enfield as well, and Herb was a young curator in charge of what was to become
his life's accomplishment.
When Herb retired, the collection had grown to 13,000 guns
and was housed in a purpose built building at the Royal Ordnance factory in
Nottingham. Herb administered the Pattern Room collection and traded, bought
and aquired as gifts the majority of the items that
were added to the collection in the approximately 35 years he worked there. Dolf Goldsmith recalls that Herb flew to Hong Kong on a
military flight to pick up a rare machine gun once, stayed a couple days and
flew back to England with the new aqusition. Most gun
collectors would love to have that kind of adventure for their hunting trips!
The decision to bring the collection to Leeds to be part of
the Royal Armouries was a heavy blow to Herb, and
those of us who knew him well could see that he was hurt deeply by the fact
that he had to retire and leave the collection at the same time as it was being
moved further away from him.
Although he never wrote his own book, Herb's name is
included in the acknowledgement pages of most modern firearms books and his
contributions have been not only the information he has passed out, but also the
fact that he knew every major source of information, as well as most of the
minor ones, and he could point the researchers in the correct direction for
what they were seeking.
Written by Herb's friend Folke Myrvang
MOD Pattern Room Moves to Royal Armouries at Leeds
By Dan Shea
The
industrial city of Leeds is in The North of England. Fly into Manchester and
drive over, or go anti clockwise on the London Orbital (M25) from Heathrow or
Gatwick, then go north on the M1 for about two hours. Or five
hours, depending on traffic.
SAR has a special planned on the Royal Armouries
at Leeds collection, so I won't go into too much detail here. Suffice it to say
that the living history, the jousts, the gunsmithing
shop, and the four wonderful levels of the museum are a major tourist attraction, that never fails to fill a day's visit.
An added bonus to visiting the Royal Armouries
is the current location on-site of the MOD Pattern Room which relocated at
short notice from Nottingham to Leeds in 2001. Currently in temporary
accommodation the Pattern Room collection will be gifted to the Royal Armouries on completion of a new facility (expected by
mid-'05). Together the 2 supported by the Pattern Room library in the form of
the Small Arms Technical Information Centre (SATIC) The SATIC librarian can be
contacted on www.robert.sharrock@armouries.org.uk
Now that the Gatlings, Maxims,
Diggers, Nordenfelts etc,
have been placed on display in the Armouries, it is
easy for the casual visitor to gain access and see them. You can walk around
one gallery and see Hiram Maxim's "Forerunner", and Enfield Number 1.
If you have a visit to the UK planned, you should make it a point to go to
Leeds. You can get more information on the facility there, and the other
locations including Fort Nelson at the website: https://www.armouries.org.uk/
Richard Jones was the Assistant Custodian of the MOD Pattern
Room for seven years. With the move to Leeds and the retirement of Herb Woodend, Richard was chosen for the job of Custodian. He
brings many, many years of experience with small arms to the job, and an
incredible amount of knowledge as well. Richard's specialties are in the more
modern arms, and he is able to piece together the stories of the Kalashnikovs,
the FALs, and the PKMs as well as many others. His technical analysis of
firearms has proved invaluable to many agencies and researchers around the
world, and he has devoted much of his time to the furthering of the MOD Pattern
Room collection, scoring many interesting additions.
Richard has been a resource to many authors, and is in the
process of writing some articles for Small Arms Review, in particular a section
on the PKM machine guns. He can be contacted by government agencies in need of
forensic information, and qualified researchers who may request information or
a visit to the MOD Pattern Room Collection.
Richard D Jones
Custodian
MOD Pattern Room
richard.jones@armouries.org.uk
Royal Armouries
in the United States?
Yes. Through a joint venture, the Armouries
will be putting some exhibits into Louisville Kentucky with the new Owsley
Brown Frazier Historical Arms Museum. This new museum is set to open in May of
2004. We will bring more information on this to you as we get it. It will be
located at the Doerhoefer Building, 831 W. Main St,
Louisville, KY, which is the corner of Ninth and Main streets in downtown
Louisville. Their website is at: https://www.frazierarmsmuseum.org
Moving there to be close to the
collection?
There has been quite a bit of discussion regarding the Clarence
Dock project in Leeds. This project virtually surrounds the five level Royal Armouries museum, and in fact, some of the new project will
include the new MOD Pattern Room at an undisclosed, high security location.
Many interested small arms students have mentioned purchasing a condo style
unit there, to be close to studying. With that in mind, here is the relevant
information to start you on your quest. Phase one is already sold out, so it
seems to be a very popular location. There will be 600 "Luxury
Apartments" which are like Condos in the US- you own it, 500,000 square
feet of leisure area, and 200,000 square feet of commercial space. All
enquiries regarding the Clarence Dock project should be directed to (From
US) 011-44- (0)113 244 4455 Website : www.clarencedock.com
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